Plant Productions

Effect of waterlogging stress at the three-leaf stage on the growth and some physiological characteristics of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Seyed Bashir Fazeli; Moosa Meskarbashee; Afrasyab Rahnama Ghahfarokhi

Volume 46, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 279-292

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.42792.2072

Abstract

IntroductionWheat is one of the most important crop plants in the world. Waterlogging stress causes serious damage to the wheat crop wheat crop worldwide annually, and it is likely ... Read More IntroductionWheat is one of the most important crop plants in the world. Waterlogging stress causes serious damage to the wheat crop wheat crop worldwide annually, and it is likely that these damages are increasing with climate change. In many cases, waterlogging stress occurs for various reasons in the initial stages of the growth of this plant. There are many reports about the existence of differences in waterlogging stress tolerance in different cultivars and genotypes of wheat, but so far these differences have not been fully exploited. This research was designed and carried out to investigate the effect of waterlogging stress on the dry matter yield of shoot system, the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, the activity level of antioxidant enzymes, the concentration of malondialdehyde and carotenoid content. Materials and MethodsFloods will increase as a result of climate change and in some areas will have a negative impact on wheat production. Plants are obligate aerobic organisms and they need to absorb oxygen from their surroundings to complete their life cycle, growth, reproduction and competition. With 215 million hectares, wheat has the largest area of cultivated plants in the world, waterlogging stress usually damages winter wheat during Seedling establishment and tillering. a field experiment in the form of a split plot design, based on randomized complete blocks in 3 replications accomplished. Stress was applied at the three-leaf stage and at three levels, control (no waterlogging stress), mild stress (48 hours) and severe stress (120 hours) as the main factors. Cultivars and genotypes were also included as secondary factors. Plants were cultivated in pots and grown in open space (outdoor), the water level was maintained about five centimeters above the soil level during the stress period. Results and DiscussionMild and severe waterlogging stress resulted in a decrease of 14.06 and 38.37 percent of shoot dry matter, respectively, which was significant in all cultivars and genotypes. Different cultivars and genotypes showed different responses to waterlogging stress. to better understand the reasons for these differences, among 11 cultivars and 10 genotypes, Mehrgan and Sarang cultivars and ms 93-16 and ms 93-6 genotypes were selected to study some physiological traits. Waterlogging stress led to a decrease photosynthetic pigments, an increase in the malondialdehydeconcentration and an increase in the antioxidant enzymes activity, and in these cases, the differences between these cultivars and genotypes were obvious. There were also differences between severe stress and mild stress, for example, in all studied cultivars, only severe stress could lead to a significant increase in peroxidase enzyme activity, but in the case of catalase, mild stress tolerant cultivars also led to a significant increase. ConclusionIn general, cultivars that had a higher level of antioxidant enzyme activity when faced with waterlogging stress were able to pass through the stress period with less damage to the cell membrane structure (according to the concentration of malondialdehyde) and photosynthetic pigments and showed a lower percentage reduction in dry matter. Mehrgan cultivar had the highest dry matter yield compared to other cultivars and genotypes in all three stress levels, despite the severe decrease in shoot system dry matter yield.

The effect of salicylic acid on winter crop production of new potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) in different planting dates in Ahvaz

Maral Dinarvandi; Moosa Meskarbashee; Habibolah Roshanfekr; Javad Soltani kazemi

Volume 45, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 561-573

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.41877.2058

Abstract

IntroductionAutumn cultivation of potato plant is very important because of meeting domestic needs of the country in winter and reducing the price of this product in the market. Cold ... Read More IntroductionAutumn cultivation of potato plant is very important because of meeting domestic needs of the country in winter and reducing the price of this product in the market. Cold stress in the early stages of potato growth is the most important factor that limits potato production in these areas.The yield and chemical composition of potato tubers under winter planting date and salicylic acid foliar application in Khuzestan region are very importance because one of the problems in cultivation of potato under Khuzestan conditions is insufficient growth due to dealing with high temperature at the end of the growing season in the autumn cultivation. Because few studies have been done in this regard on new cultivars of potato plant. Therefore, this experiment was performed to investigate of the tuber yield and attributes of tuber yield in potato plant. Materials and MethodsThe current study was conducted in a split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replication in the experimental farm of the Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran, during the crop year 2020-21. The experimental factors in this research include the date of cultivation as the main plot in three levels (25 November, 9 December, 26 December), salicylic acid foliar application as a sub-plot in two levels (0.5 mM and non-foliar application) and cultivars as sub-sub plot at three levels (including early and new cultivars Sifra, Challenger and Columba). Results and DiscussionAccording to the results of this experiment, the three-way interaction effects of investigated factors on tuber yield and attributes of tuber yield, the number of tubers more than 100 g, number of tubers between 50-100 g and number of tubers less than 50 g was significant. The interaction effects of planting date × salicylic acid foliar application and planting date × cultivar on plant height trait was significant, also the interaction effect of salicylic acid foliar application × cultivar was significant for the starch percentage trait and the simple effect of planting date and cultivar on the SPAD value trait was significant. In the following, the results of three-way interaction effects of the studied factors showed that the highest number of tubers more than 100 g in Sifra cultivar under 0.5 mM salicylic acid foliar application in 9 December planting date (with an average of 4.33 tubers per 1 kg), the highest number of tubers between 50-100 g related to the Challenger cultivar with 0.5 mM salicylic acid foliar spraying under 9 December planting date (with an average of 8.33 tubers per 1 kg), the highest number of tubers less than 50 g related to the Challenger cultivar under 26 December planting date and non-foliar application of salicylic acid (with an average of 33.33 tubers per 1 kg) and the highest tuber yield (with an average of 2.368 kg /m2) was related to the Sifra cultivar with 0.5 mM salicylic acid foliar application in the 9 December planting date. In addition, the highest amount of SPAD value belonged to the 25 November planting date (with an average of 42.61) and the Challenger cultivar (with an average of 42.41). Sifra cultivar also showed the highest starch percentage of tubers under 0.5 mM salicylic acid foliar application (with an average of 46.16%). ConclusionNow, due to the lack of potato product in late winter, especially in the southern regions in the Iran, cultivation of early cultivars compatible with the region, such as Sifra on 9 December, in order to achieve optimal yield, and the use of salicylic acid foliar application is suggested in conditions similar to this study.

Influence of three species of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus SPP.) on physiological characters of wheat under the salinity conditions

S. Habibi; M. Meskarbashee; M. Farzaneh

Volume 37, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 37-52

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Author = Meskarbashee, Moosa

Effect of waterlogging stress at the three-leaf stage on the growth and some physiological characteristics of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

The effect of salicylic acid on winter crop production of new potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) in different planting dates in Ahvaz

Abstract

Influence of three species of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus SPP.) on physiological characters of wheat under the salinity conditions

Abstract